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Yves Balasko

Yves Balasko

Yves Balasko (born August 9, 1945) is a French economist. He is a Fellow of the Econometric Society since 1980. He has mostly worked on general equilibrium models studying the continuity and stability properties of the equilibrium sets. As Kenneth Arrow and Gerard Debreu, he may be defined as a Neo-Walrasian economist.

Main articles


- "The Graph of the Walras Correspondence", 1975, Econometrica
- "Economic Equilibrium and Catastrophe Theory: An introduction", 1978, Econometrica
- "The Existence of Equilibrium in a Overlapping Generations Model", with David Cass, Karl Shell, 1980, Journal of Economic Theory
- "The overlapping-generations model I and II," with Karl Shell, 1980-1981, Journal of Economic Theory
- "The Structure of Financial Equilibrium with Exogenous Yields I: Unrestricted participation", with David Cass, 1989, Econometrica
- "Market participation and sunspot equilibria," with David Cass and Karl Shell, 1995, Review of Economic Studies

Books


- Foundations of the Theory of General Equilibrium, 1988, ISBN 0120769751.

External links


- [http://www.balasko.com Yves Balasko's personal webpage] Balasko, Yves Balasko, Yves Balasko, Yves

August 9

August 9 is the 221st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (222nd in leap years), with 144 days remaining.

Events


- 48 BC - Roman Civil War: Battle of Pharsalus - Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus and Pompey flees to Egypt.
- AD 378 - Battle of Adrianople: A large Roman army led by Emperor Valens is defeated by the Visigoths in present-day Turkey. Valens is killed along with 2/3 of his army.
- 681 - Bulgaria is founded as a Khanate on the south bank of the Danube, after defeating the Byzantine armies of Emperor Constantine IV south of the Danube delta.
- 1173 - Construction of the (Leaning) Tower of Pisa begins, and it takes two centuries to complete.
- 1483 - Opening of the Sistine Chapel
- 1842 - Webster-Ashburton Treaty is signed, establishing the United States-Canada border east of the Rocky Mountains.
- 1862 - American Civil War: Battle of Cedar Mountain - At Cedar Mountain, Virginia, Confederate General Stonewall Jackson narrowly defeats Union forces under General John Pope.
- 1877 - Indian Wars: Battle of Big Hole - Near Big Hole River in Montana, a small band of Nez Percé Indians who refused government orders to move to a reservation, clash with the United States Army. The army lost 29 soldiers and Indians lost 89 warriors in a US Army win.
- 1892 - Thomas Edison receives a patent for a two-way telegraph.
- 1902 - Edward VII is crowned king of the United Kingdom.
- 1936 - 1936 Summer Olympics: Jesse Owens wins his fourth gold medal at the games becoming the first American to win four medals in one Olympics.
- 1942 - Indian leader, Mohandas Gandhi is arrested in Bombay by British forces, launching the Quit India Movement.
- 1944 - The United States Forest Service and the Wartime Advertising Council release posters featuring Smokey the Bear for the first time.
- 1945 - World War II: An atomic bomb nicknamed "Fat Man", with an energy of 92 terajoules (22,000 tons of TNT), is dropped by the B-29 Bockscar on the city of Nagasaki, Japan at 11:02 AM (local time). An estimated 70,000-90,000 are killed and 80,000 more are injured.
- 1965 - Singapore becomes an independent country.
- 1965 - Space disasters: A fire at a Titan missile base near Little Rock, Arkansas kills 53 construction workers.
- 1967 - Vietnam War: Operation Cochise initiated - United States Marines begin a new operation in the Que Son Valley.
- 1969 - Members of a cult led by Charles Manson murder five people,Sharon Tate, Jay Sebring, Wojciech Frykowski, Steven Parent, and Abigail Folger.
- 1974 - Richard Nixon becomes the first President of the United States to resign from office, an action reportedly taken to prevent time from being wasted in impeachment proceedings in response to his role in the Watergate scandal. His Vice President, Gerald Ford, takes the oath of office and becomes the 38th president.
- 1983 - Peter Jennings hosts his first broadcast of ABC's World News Tonight as sole anchor.
- 1986 - The Headington Shark is erected in Oxford.
- 1987 - 9 people are shot dead and 17 more injured as 19-year old Julian Knight opens fire at random in the Hoddle Street Massacre in Clifton Hill
- 1988 - Wayne Gretzky is traded from the Edmonton Oilers to the Los Angeles Kings in one of the most controversial transactions in hockey history.
- 1989 - Kaifu Toshiki becomes Prime Minister of Japan.
- 1993 - The Liberal Democratic Party of Japan loses a 38-year hold on national leadership as Hosokawa Morihiro becomes the first non-LDP Prime Minister of Japan since 1955.
- 1993 - King Albert II of Belgium is sworn into office nine days after the death of his brother, King Baudouin.
- 1995 - Netscape launches IPO.
- 1999 - Russian President Boris Yeltsin fires his Prime Minister, Sergei Stepashin, and for the fourth time fires his entire cabinet.
- 1999 - The Diet of Japan enacts a law establishing the Hinomaru and Kimi Ga Yo as the official national flag and national anthem.
- 2000 - A Piper Navajo and a Piper Seminole collide in mid-air over a housing development in Burlington, New Jersey, killing 11
- 2001 - US President George W. Bush announces his support for federal funding of limited research on embryonic stem cells.
- 2001 - In Jerusalem, 15 people die and 130 wounded in the Sbarro restaurant suicide bombing.
- 2005 - Space Shuttle Discovery makes successful touchdown at Edwards Air Force Base, California

Births


- 1201 - Arnold Fitz Thedmar, English chronicler (d. 1274)
- 1593 - Izaak Walton, English angler (d. 1683)
- 1648 - Johann Michael Bach, German composer (d. 1694)
- 1653 - John Oldham, English poet (d. 1683)
- 1674 - František Maxmilián Kaňka, Czech architect (d. 1766)
- 1722 - Augustus William, Prince of Prussia (d. 1758)
- 1726 - Francesco Cetti, Italian Jesuit scientist (d. 1778)
- 1757 - Thomas Telford, Scottish civil engineer (d. 1834)
- 1776 - Amedeo Avogadro, Italian chemist (d. 1856)
- 1797 - Charles Robert Malden, British naval officer (d. 1855)
- 1805 - Joseph Locke, English railway and civil engineer (d. 1860)
- 1845 - Brother Andre, Canadian religious figure (d. 1937)
- 1871 - Leonid Andreyev, Russian writer (d. 1919)
- 1872 - Joseph August, Archduke of Austria, Austrian field marshal (d. 1962)
- 1874 - Reynaldo Hahn, Venezuelan composer and conductor (d. 1947)
- 1896 - Jean Piaget, Swiss psychologist (d. 1980)
- 1896 - Lev Vygotsky, Russian psychologist (d. 1934)
- 1896 - Erich Hückel, German physicist (d. 1980)
- 1899 - P. L. Travers, Australian author (d. 1996)
- 1902 - Zino Francescatti, French violinist (d. 1991)
- 1909 - Adam von Trott zu Solz, German diplomat opposing the Nazi regime (executed) (d. 1944)
- 1911 - William Alfred Fowler, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1996)
- 1914 - Tove Jansson, Finnish author (d. 2001)
- 1919 - Joop den Uyl, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (d. 1987)
- 1919 - Ralph Houk, baseball player and manager
- 1921 - J. James Exon, Nebraska Senator and Governor
- 1922 - Philip Larkin, English poet (d. 1985)
- 1927 - Daniel Keyes, American author
- 1927 - Robert Shaw, English actor (d. 1978)
- 1928 - Bob Cousy, American basketball player
- 1931 - Mário Zagallo, Brazilian football coach and player
- 1933 - Tetsuko Kuroyanagi, Japanese television personality and children's author
- 1938 - Leonid Kuchma, Ukrainian politician
- 1938 - Rod Laver, Australian tennis player
- 1939 - Romano Prodi, Italian politician, President of the European Commission
- 1939 - Brito, Brazilian football player
- 1944 - Sam Elliott, American actor
- 1945 - Ken Norton, American boxer
- 1945 - Posy Simmonds, English cartoonist
- 1949 - Jonathan Kellerman, American writer
- 1953 - Robert Cray, Blues musician
- 1957 - Melanie Griffith, American actress
- 1959 - Stuart Hughes, Canadian actor
- 1962 - Kevin Mack, American football player
- 1963 - Whitney Houston, American singer and actress
- 1964 - Brett Hull, Canadian-born hockey player
- 1967 - Deion Sanders, American football player
- 1968 - Gillian Anderson, American actress
- 1968 - Eric Bana, Australian actor
- 1969 - Troy Percival, baseball player
- 1972 - Juanes, Colombian singer
- 1973 - Kevin McKidd, Scottish actor
- 1974 - Matt Morris, baseball player
- 1976 - Jessica Capshaw, American actress
- 1976 - Rhona Mitra, English actress
- 1977 - Chamique Holdsclaw, American basketball player
- 1977 - Mikael Silvestre, French footballer
- 1978 - Audrey Tautou, French actress
- 1982 - Karol Bancerz, Polish journalist

Deaths


- 117 - Trajan, Roman Emperor (b. 53)
- 378 - Valens, Roman Emperor (killed in battle) (b. 328)
- 803 - Byzantine Empress Irene
- 1107 - Emperor Horikawa of Japan (b. 1079)
- 1250 - King Eric IV of Denmark (b. 1216)
- 1534 - Cardinal Cajetan, Italian theologian (b. 1470)
- 1634 - William Noy, English jurist (b. 1577)
- 1720 - Simon Ockley, English orientalist (b. 1678)
- 1744 - James Brydges, 1st Duke of Chandos, English patron of the arts (b. 1673)
- 1919 - Ruggiero Leoncavallo, Italian composer (b. 1857)
- 1942 - Edith Stein, (St. Teresa Benedicta of the Cross) (executed) (b. 1891)
- 1945 - Harry Hillman, American athlete (b. 1881)
- 1962 - Hermann Hesse, German-born writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1877)
- 1967 - Joe Orton, English writer (b. 1933)
- 1969 - Abigail Folger, American heiress (b. 1943)
- 1969 - Wojciech Frykowski, Polish writer (b. 1936)
- 1969 - Cecil Frank Powell, British physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1903)
- 1969 - Jay Sebring, American hair stylist (b. 1933)
- 1969 - Sharon Tate, American actress (murdered) (b. 1943)
- 1975 - Dmitri Shostakovich, Russian composer (b. 1906)
- 1995 - Jerry Garcia, American guitarist (Grateful Dead) (b. 1942)
- 2000 - John Harsanyi, Hungarian-born economist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1920)
- 2002 - Peter Neville, anarchist, sociologist, and peace activist
- 2003 - Ray Harford, English footballer and manager (b. 1945)
- 2003 - Gregory Hines, American actor and dancer (b. 1946)
- 2005 - Matthew McGrory, American actor (b. 1973)
- 2005 - Judith Rossner, American novelist (b. 1935)

Holidays and observances


- Feast day of Jean Vianney, Edith Stein and Saint Romanus Ostiarius in the Roman Catholic Church
- Feast day of the great martyr Saint Panteleimon in Russian Orthodox Church
- South Africa: National Women's Day
- Singapore: National Day
- India :Quit India Day

External links


- [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/august/9 BBC: On This Day]
- [http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/20050809.html The New York Times: On This Day] ---- August 8 - August 10 - July 9 - September 9 -- listing of all days ko:8월 9일 ms:9 Ogos ja:8月9日 simple:August 9 th:9 สิงหาคม



Economist

:This article discusses the profession of studying economics; for the news journal published in London, see The Economist. An economist is an individual who studies economics. Within this field of study, there are many sub-fields, ranging from the broad philosophical theories propounded by thinkers such as Adam Smith and Karl Marx to focused study of minutiae within specific markets, involving statistical analysis and mathematical economics. Any person within any of these fields can properly claim to be an economist, although the broad range of matters coming under this head makes it a practical impossibility for any individual to master all of them. Most major universities have an economics department, where courses are offered in support of potential professional economists. Many economists, however, come from a background in business, sociology, or mathematics.

See also


- List of economists
- Economics Category:Economics Category:Professions th:นักเศรษฐศาสตร์

Fellows of the Econometric Society

Current Fellows

In alphabetical order, year of election in parenthesis.

A

Andrew B. Abel (1991) – Dilip Abreu (1991) – Irma Adelman (1968) – Anat Admati (2004) – Sydney N. Afriat (1976) – Abel Gesevich Abanbegyan (1978) – Philippe Aghion (1993) – Dean Dennis J. Aigner (1975) – Yacine Ait-Sahalia (2002) – George Akerlof (1979) – Alberto F. Alesina (2002) – Maurice Allais (1949) – Beth. E. Allen (1983) – Takeshi Amemiya (1974) – Robert M. Anderson (1987) – T. W. Anderson (1987) – Donald W. K. Andrews (1989) – Joshua Angrist (1998) – Mashaiko Aoki (1981) – Masanao Aoki (1978) – Aloisio Araujo (1987) – Manuel Arellano (2002) – Kenneth J. Arrow (1951) – W. Brian Arthur (1994) – Orley Ashenfelter (1977) – Susan Athey – Anthony B. Atkinson (1974) – Orazio Attanasio (2001) – Alan J. Auerbach (1986) – Maria Augusztinovics (1979) – Robert Aumann (1965) – Costas Azariadis (1989)

B

Yves Balasko (1980) – Pietro Balestra (1971) – R. J. Ball (1973) – Abhijit V. Banerjee (1995) – Salvador Barbera (1988) – T. Barna (1952) – David P. Baron (1990) – Robert J. Barro (1980) – Anton P. Barten (1980) – Robert L. Basmann (1966) – Kaushik Basu (1991) – William J. Baumol (1953) – Gary S. Becker (1967) – Martin J. Beckmann (1958) – Jere R. Behrman (1980) – Roland Benabou (1994) – Jean Pascal Benassy (1981) – Jess Benhabib (1992) – Ragnar Bentzel (1970) – Albert R. Bergstom (1971) – Ted Bergstrom (2000) – Ben S. Bernanke (1997) – ERnst R. Berndt (1994) – B. Douglas Bernheim (1991) – Steven Berry (1999) – Timothy J. Besley (2000) – Truman F. Bewley (1978) – Jagdish N. Bhagwati (1973) – Kenneth Binmore (1987) – Charles Blackorby (1988) – Olivier Blanchard (1985) – Alan S. Blinder (1981) – C. J. Bliss (1975) – Lawrence E. Blume (1998) – Richard Blundell (1991) – M. Marcel Boiteux (1953) – Michele Boldrin (2002) – Tim Bollerslev (1999) – Patrick Bolton (1993) – George J. Borjas (1998) – John Bound (2004) – Francois Bourguignon (1986) – William C. Brainard (1975) – Adam Brandenburger (2004) – Timothy F. Bresnahan (1990) – Trever S. Breusch (1991) – William A. Brock (1974) – Andras Brody (1971) – Donald Brown (1981) – Martin Browning (1996) – Jeremy I. Bulow (1990) – Kenneth Burdett (1999) – Edwin Burmeister (1978)

C

Ricardo Caballero (1998) – ...

D

Partha Dasgupta (1975) –

E

F

Ray C. Fair (1977) – Eugene Fama (1973) – Henry S. Farber (1988) – Roger E. A. Farmer (2003) – Joseph Farrell (2002) – Nikolai P. Fedorenko (1971) – Martin S. Feldstein (1970) – Stanley Fischer (1977) – Peter C. Fishburn (1974) – Franklin M. Fisher (1963) – Robert W. Fogel (1971) – ....

G


- Clive W. J. Granger (1972)
- Edward J. Green (1987)
- Jerry R. Green (1975)
- ...

H

I

J

Matthew O. Jackson (1998) – Philippe Jehiel (2004) – Søren Johansen (2000) – Larry E. Jones (1995) – Ronald W. Jones (1971) – James S. Jordan (1980) – Dale W. Jorgenson (1964) – Paul L. Joskow (1988) – Boyan Jovanovic (1989) – Kenneth L. Judd (1989) – George G. Judge (1986)

K

John Kagel (2003) – Daniel Kahneman (1993) – Ehud Kalai (1988) – Morton I. Kamien (1996) – Michihiro Kandori (1999) – Jakar Kannai (1978) – Arie Kapteyn (1994) – Edi Karni (2001) – Lawrence F. Katz (1993) – Patrick J. Kehoe (2000) – Timothy J. Kehoe (1991) – Murray C. Kemp (1971) – Nicholas Kiefer (1989) – Richard Kihlstrom (1979) – Mervyn A. King (1982) – Alan P. Kirman (1990) – Nobuhiro Kiyotaki (1997) – Lawrence R. Klein (1948) – Paul Klemperer (1994) – Teun Kloek (1978) – Jan Kmenta (1980) – Roger Koenker (1968) – Elon Kohlberg (1991) – Serge-Christophe Kolm (1973) – Janos Kornai (1968) – Laurence J. Kotlikoff (1992) – David M. Kreps (1981) – Vijay Krishna (2002) – Alan B. Krueger (1996) – Anne O. Krueger (1981) – Paul R. Krugman (1986) – Harold W. Kuhn (1961) – Mordecai Kurz (1971) – Finn E. Kydland (1992) – Albert S. Kyle (2002)

L

M


- Leonard J. Mirman (1978)
- Dale T. Mortensen (1978)
- Herve Moulin (1983)
- Yair Mundlak (1970)
- Kevin M. Murphy (1993)
- Michael L. Mussa (1986)
- John F. Muth (1968)
- ...

N

A. L. Nagar (1970) – Andras Nagy (1978) – John F. Nash, Jr. (1990) – J. Peter Neary (1987) – Takashi Negishi (1966) – Charles R. Nelson (2003) – Marc Nerlove (1960) – D. M. G. Newbery (1989) – Whitney K. Newey (1989) – Abraham Neyman (1989) – Stephen J. Nickell (1980) – Kazuo Nishimura (1992) – William D. Nordhaus (1984)

O

P

Q

Richard E. Quandt (1968) – Martine Quinzii (2000)

R

Matthew Rabin (2000) – Roy Radner (1961) – Howard Raiffa (1975) – C. Radhakrishna Rao (1972) – Debraj Ray (1993) – Assaf Razin (1994) – Jennifer F. Reinganum (1989) – Stanley Reiter (1970) – Eric Renault (1998) – Philip John Reny (1996) – Refael Repullo (2002) – Patrick Rey (1998) – Jean Francois Richard (1980) – Geert Ridder (2003) – Marcel K. Richter (1974) – John G. Riley (1983) – Michael H. Riordan (1994) – Rafael Rob (1995) – D. John roberts (1982) – Kevin W. S. Roberts (1987) – Jean-Charles Rochet (1995) – John E. Roemer (1986) – William P. Rogerson (1999) – Kenneth S. Rogoff (1991) – Richard Roll (1989) – Paul M. Romer (1990) – Harvey S. Rosen (1986) – Mark R. Rosenzweig (1994) – Stephen A. Ross (1978) – Julio J. Rotemberg (1990) – Alvin E. Roth (1983) – Thomas J. Rothenberg (1977) – Michael Rothschild (1974) – Ariel Rubinstein (1985) – John Rust (1993) – Aldo Rustichini (2004) – Paul A. Ruud (2003)

S

... Nancy L. Stokey (1987) – Daniel B. Suits (1966) – Lawrence H. Summers (1985) – Robert Summers (1989) – John Sutton (1991) – Kotaro Suzumura (1990) – Lars E. O. Svensson (1990) – Jeroen Swinkels (2004)

T

Guido Tabellini (2001) – George Tauchen (1994) – John B. Taylor – Lester G. Telser (1968) – Jacques-Francois Thisse (1992) – William Thomson (1990) – Jean Tirole (1986) – Robert M. Townsend (1985) – Stephen J. Turnovsky (1981)

U

Harald Uhlig (2003) – Hirofumi Uzawa (1960)

V

W

Y

Z

= Former Fellows =
- Olav Reiersøl (1952-2001) = External Link =
- [http://www.econometricsociety.org/fellows.asp Fellows of the Econometric Society]

Kenneth Arrow

Kenneth Joseph Arrow (born August 23, 1921) is an American economist, winner of the Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in 1972. He is considered one of the founders of modern (post World War II) neo-classical economics. His most significant works are his contributions to social choice theory, notably "Arrow's impossibility theorem", and his work on general equilibrium analysis. He has also provided foundational work in many other areas of economics, including endogenous growth theory and information economics. He earned a Bachelor's degree from the City College of New York in 1940. At Columbia University, he received a Master's degree in 1941 and Ph.D. in 1951.

General possibility theorem

Arrow's impossibility theorem was set out in his Ph.D. thesis, Social choice and individual values. In its final form it states the following: given the conditions of Pareto optimality (P), Unbounded social choice (S), Independence of choices (I) and non-Dictatorship (D), it is impossible to formulate a social choice function which satisfies all of them. This has tremendous implications for welfare economics and theories of justice. It was extended by Amartya Sen to the liberal paradox which argued that given a status of "Minimal Liberty" there was no way to obtain Pareto optimality, nor to avoid the problem of social choice of neutral but unequal results. An example of this would be to have the following choices to divide a cake between three people. Let us call them A, B and C. Choice 1: A gets nothing, B and C get half each. Choice 2: B gets nothing, A and C get half each. Choice 3: C gets nothing, A and B get half each. Choice 4: divide the cake equally. Thus choice 4 would be third from the bottom in everyone's list, and would, in any direct choice lose 2 to 1 against an unequal distribution. Since all of these choices are Pareto-optimal - no one's welfare can be improved without reducing the welfare of others - choice 4 would not be chosen, since there would always be other preferred choices.

General equilibrium theory

Working with Gerard Debreu (who won the Nobel prize for this work in 1983), Arrow produced the first rigorous proof of the existence of a market clearing equilibrium, given certain restrictive assumptions. See general equilibrium. Arrow went on to extend the model to deal with issues relating to uncertainty, stability of the equilibrium, and whether a competitive equilibrium is efficient.

Endogenous growth theory

Arrow was instrumental in kick-starting research into endogenous growth theory (also known as new growth theory) which sought to explain the source of technical change, which is a key driver of economic growth. Until this theory came to prominence, technical change was assumed to occur exogenously - that is, it was assumed to occur with no explanation of why it occurred. Endogenous growth theory provided standard economic reasons for why firms innovate - so innovation and technical change are determined endogenously - that is, within the model (hence the name). A vast literature on this theory has developed subsequently to Arrow's pioneering work.

Information economics

In yet more pioneering research, Arrow investigated the problems caused by asymmetric information in markets. In many transactions, one party (usually the seller) has more information about the product being sold than the other party. Asymmetric information creates incentives for the party with more information to cheat the party with less information; as a result, a number of market structures have developed, including warranties and third party authentication, which enable markets with asymmetric information to function. Arrow analysed this issue for medical care (a 1963 paper entitled "Uncertainty and the Welfare Economics of Medical Care," in the American Economic Review); later researchers investigated many other markets, particularly second-hand assets, online auctions and insurance.

Works


- The Economic Implications of Learning by Doing Review of Economic Studies 29 (June 1962) pp 155-73
- Essays in the Theory of Risk-Bearing 1971
- Existence of a Competitive Equilibrium for a Competitive Economy Econometrica 22, no 3 (July 1954) pp 265-90, with Gerard Debreu
- General Competitive Analysis 1971, with Frank Hahn
- Uncertainty and the Welfare Economics of Medical Care American Economic Review 1963
- Existence of an equilibrium for a competitive economy Econometrica (1954) Vol 22 No 3, with Gerard Debreu
- Social Choice and Individual Values 1951
- The Limits of Organization 1974 ISBN 0393093239

See also


- List of economists
- List of economics consultancies and think tanks

External links


- http://www-econ.stanford.edu/faculty/arrow.html
- http://www.nobel.se/economics/laureates/1972/arrow-autobio.html
- http://cepa.newschool.edu/het/profiles/arrow.htm
- [http://www.geocities.com/econ_111ment/arrow-autobio.html Kenneth J. Arrow – Autobiography] Arrow, Kenneth Arrow, Kenneth Arrow, Kenneth Arrow, Kenneth Arrow, Kenneth Arrow, Kenneth Arroa, Kenneth ja:ケネス・アロー

Gerard Debreu

Gerard Debreu (July 4, 1921 – December 31, 2004) was a French-born American economist who won the 1983 Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel. He was born in Calais. Just prior to the start of World War II he finished college, but instead of preparing for the university he studied at an improvised math curriculum in Ambert. Later on he moved to Grenoble. In 1941 he was admitted to the École Normale Supérieure with Marcel Boiteux, which he was about to graduate from in 1944 when the D-Day made him enlist in the Allies army. He was transferred for training to Algeria and then served in French occupational forces in Germany until July 1945. Eventually he graduated in the end of 1945 and later became interested in economics, particularly the general equilibrium theory of Leon Walras. He was an assistant in the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and then obtained the Rockefeller Fellowship which allowed him to visit several American universities, as well as those in Uppsala and Oslo in 1949-50. Debreu began working as a Research Association at the University of Chicago in the summer of 1950. There he remained for five years, returning to Paris periodically. In 1954 he published a breakthrough paper titled Existence of an Equilibrium for a Competitive Economy (together with Kenneth Arrow). In 1955 he moved to Yale University. In 1959 he published his first monograph, Theory of Value. In 1960-61 he worked at Stanford University and since 1962 at the University of California, Berkeley where he held the title University Professor and Class of 1958 Professor of Economics and Mathematics Emeritus. During his leaves in late sixties and seventies he visited universities in Leiden, Cambridge, Bonn, and Paris. In July 1975, he became a naturalized citizen of the United States. His later studies centered mainly on the theory of differentiable utility functions and least concave utility functions. In 1976 he received the French Legion of Honor. He was awarded the 1983 Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel for his work on general equilibrium economics. Debreu married Françoise Bled in 1946 and had two daughters, Chantal and Florence, born in 1946 and 1950 respectively. Debreu died in Paris at the end of 2004 of natural causes.

External links


- [http://www.nobel.se/economics/laureates/1983/index.html The Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1983]
- [http://cowles.econ.yale.edu/P/cp/p00b/p0087.pdf Existence of an Equilibrium for a Competitive Economy]
- [http://elsa.berkeley.edu/facdir/debreu.html Debreu page at Berkeley]
- [http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2005/01/05_debreu.shtml Obituary for Debreu] Debreu, Gerard Debreu, Gerard Debreu, Gerard Debreu, Gerard Debreu, Gerard

Karl Shell

Karl Shell (born May 10, 1938) is a prominent American theoretical economist, specializing in macroeconomics and monetary economics. Shell received a B.A. in mathematics from Princeton University in 1960. He earned his Ph.D. in economics in 1965 at Stanford University, where he studied under "Nobel" Prize winner Kenneth Arrow and Hirofumi Uzawa. Shell is currently Robert Julius Thorne Professor of Economics at Cornell University (succeeding notable economist and airline deregulator Alfred E. Kahn in the Thorne chair). He previously served on the economics faculty at MIT and the University of Pennsylvania. Shell has been editor of the Journal of Economic Theory, generally regarded as the leading journal in economic theory, since its inception in 1968.

Contributions to Economics

While Shell has published academic articles on numerous topics in economics, he is primarily known for his contributions in three areas. Between 1966 and 1973, Shell published three papers on inventive activity, increasing returns to scale, industrial organization, and economic growth. This contribution was important in its day, and later influenced the development of “new growth theory.” Among others, Paul Romer cited and heavily built upon Shell’s work in his seminal papers on endogenous growth theory. Shell also made important contributions to the overlapping generations literature (and was perhaps the first to refer to the overlapping generations model by its modern name). The overlapping generations model is now a workhorse in modern macroeconomics and monetary economics. Karl Shell is also co-inventor (with David Cass) of the concept of sunspot equilibrium (and sunspots).

Category:1945 births

ko:분류:1945년 태어남 ja:Category:1945年生

Category:French economists

Category:Economists by nationalityEconomists ko:분류:프랑스의 경제학자 ja:Category:フランスの経済学者

Finn (Jolle)

Finn oder Finn Dinghy ist eine internationale Einmannjolle für den ambitionierten Einhand-Regattasegler (Einhandsegeln bedeutet, dass man alleine an Bord ist). Das Finn hat kein Vorsegel, daher steht der unverstagte (freistehende) Mast sehr weit vorne.
- Länge über alles: 4,50 m
- Breite: 1,51 m
- Tiefgang (ohne/mit Schwert): 0,15/0,85 m
- Gewicht: 140 kg (Rumpfgewicht ohne Schwert 105 kg)
- Segelfläche: 10 m²
- Baumaterial: Holz und Kunststoff.
- Für Regattaschiffe ist heute der Carbonmast und das Foliensegel Standard.
- Konstrukteur: Rickard Sarby Schweden.
- Seit 1952 Olympische Klasse.
- ca. 150 aktive Regattasegler in Deutschland (laut Rangliste 2005)

Weblinks


- [http://www.finnwelle.de Homepage der deutschen Klassenvereinigung]
- [http://www.finnclass.org Homepage der internationalen Vereinigung]
- [http://www.finn.ch Homepage der Schweizerischen Finnsegler-Vereinigung]
- [http://www.finn-dinghy.de www.finn-dinghy.de] Siehe auch: Liste der Bootklassen, Liste von Schiffstypen Kategorie:Segelbootstyp

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Cisna
Cisna - wieś, siedziba gminy w powiecie leskim, w województwie podkarpackim, położona w Bieszczadach w dolinie Solinki.

Historia

Wieś założona została w 1552 r. przez rodzinę Balów na prawie wołoskim. W roku 1806 Cisną nabyli Fredrowie, a w 1810 r. założyli tu
North Brunswick
North Brunswick Township to miejscowość w hrabstwie Middlesex w stanie New Jersey w USA. Miejscowość powstała w roku 1764.
- Liczba ludności (2000) - ok. 36,3 tys.
- Powierzchnia – 31,8 km², z czego 30,5 km² to powierzchnia lądowa, a 1,3 km
Jaroměř
Jaroměř (pol. Jaromierz niem. Jermer) - miasto w Czechach, w kraju kralovohradeckim. Według danych z 31 grudnia 2003 powierzchnia miasta wynosiła 2 395 ha, a liczba jego mieszkańców 12 831 osób.

Demografia

Źródło:
Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot
Jean-Baptiste Camille Corot (ur. 26 lipca 1796 - zm. 22 lutego 1875), francuski malarz, przedstawiciel kierunku realistycznego. Malował pejzaże, sceny historyczne, portrety. Corot, Jean-Baptiste-Camille 3 grudnia 2005)- drugie dziecko następcy tronu Norwegii księcia Haakona i księżnej Mette-Marit. Oficjalny tytuł Sverre Magnus książę Norwegii. Jest trzeci w kolejce do tronu Norwegii po swoim ojcu księciu Haakonie i starszej siostrze księżniczce Ingrid Aleksandrze. Książe jest pierwszym m
Jaromierz
Jaroměř (pol. Jaromierz niem. Jermer) - miasto w Czechach, w kraju kralovohradeckim. Według danych z 31 grudnia 2003 powierzchnia miasta wynosiła 2 395 ha, a liczba jego mieszkańców 12 831 osób.

Demografia

Źródło:
Jan Peuker
Jan Peuker (ur. 1824, zm. 1861), oficer rosyjski, popełnił samobójstwo nie chcąc strzelać do manifestantów podczas patriotycznego pochodu w Warszawie. Pochowany został na cmentarzu ewangelicko-augsburskim przy ul. Młynarskiej 54 na warszawskiej
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